5 Essential Facts About the ʻŌhiʻa Lehua Tree

The ʻŌhiʻa Lehua tree (Metrosideros polymorpha) is a cornerstone of Hawaiʻi's native forests, embodying both cultural heritage and ecological importance.

 

1. A Cultural Icon

 

Deeply woven into Hawaiian traditions, the ʻŌhiʻa Lehua is celebrated in mele (songs), oli (chants), and moʻolelo (stories).

 

Its wood was traditionally used for constructing heiau (temples) and crafting tools, while its vibrant flowers adorn hula dancers and are offered in ceremonies.

 

2. A Symbol of Love and Legend

 

According to legend, ʻŌhiʻa and Lehua were lovers separated by the goddess Pele's jealousy.

 

Pele transformed ʻŌhiʻa into a tree; in compassion, other gods turned Lehua into a flower to reunite them.

 

It's said that picking a Lehua blossom causes rain, symbolizing their tears.

 

3. Ecological Keystone

 

Comprising approximately 80% of Hawaiʻi's native forests, the ʻŌhiʻa Lehua plays a vital role in watershed protection and soil stabilization.

 

Its flowers provide nectar for native birds like the ʻapapane and ʻiʻiwi, supporting the island's unique biodiversity.

 

4. Resilient Pioneer Species

 

Remarkably adaptable, the ʻŌhiʻa Lehua is often the first to colonize new lava flows, thriving in diverse environments from sea level to high elevations.

 

Its ability to grow in such conditions underscores its resilience and importance in forest regeneration.

 

5. Facing Rapid ʻŌhiʻa Death

 

Since 2014, the ʻŌhiʻa Lehua has been threatened by Rapid ʻŌhiʻa Death (ROD), caused by fungal pathogens Ceratocystis huliohia and Ceratocystis lukuohia.

 

This disease has led to the loss of over a million trees, posing significant ecological and cultural challenges.

 

Preventative measures include avoiding injury to the trees and cleaning gear to prevent the spread of the fungus.

 

Understanding these facets of the ʻŌhiʻa Lehua highlights its integral role in Hawaiʻi's natural and cultural landscapes.